Why My Paper Is Not Suitable for Journals: An Educational Guide for PhD Scholars Seeking Publication Success

If you have ever asked yourself, “why my paper is not suitable for journals,” you are not alone. This question sits at the center of academic frustration for many PhD scholars, early-career researchers, and even experienced authors. A manuscript can represent months, or years, of reading, data collection, analysis, and revision. Yet the journal response may still be a desk rejection, a major revision, or a reviewer comment that suggests the paper was never ready for that outlet in the first place. The painful truth is that many rejected papers are not necessarily weak in effort. They are often weak in fit, framing, structure, or submission strategy. That distinction matters because it turns rejection from a personal failure into a solvable publishing problem.

The global academic environment has made this challenge sharper. Doctoral systems have expanded rapidly, with OECD reporting a 25% increase in doctoral-level attainment across OECD countries between 2014 and 2019. At the same time, academic career systems remain highly competitive, and publication pressure continues to shape doctoral life. Nature’s recent reporting on PhD researchers highlights how research and teaching demands, criticism, and unreasonable expectations can intensify stress and mental health strain. In parallel, major publishers acknowledge that journal acceptance can be highly selective. Elsevier notes that acceptance rates often fall between 10% and 60%, while high-impact journals may accept as little as 5% to 50% of submissions. Elsevier also states that editors can reject up to 70% of submitted manuscripts, often before external peer review. (OECD)

For students and PhD scholars, this means the publication journey is no longer just about producing research. It is about producing research that is journal-ready, audience-aware, methodologically defensible, ethically compliant, and strategically positioned. A paper can be factually correct and still be unsuitable for a journal. It can contain real data and still fail because the contribution is unclear. It can be well-written in general English and still miss the discourse, conventions, and expectations of the target field. Springer Nature lists common rejection causes that include being out of scope, lacking sufficient advance or impact, ignoring research ethics, failing to follow required structure, and not providing enough methodological detail for readers to understand or repeat the work. Taylor & Francis similarly emphasizes that choosing the wrong journal is one of the top reasons manuscripts are rejected. (Springer Nature)

This educational guide explains the real reasons authors ask, “why my paper is not suitable for journals,” and what to do next. It is written for students, PhD scholars, and academic researchers who want clarity rather than vague encouragement. You will learn how editors judge suitability, why strong ideas still fail, how to diagnose journal mismatch, and how to improve your paper before resubmission. You will also find practical strategies, examples, and detailed FAQs designed to support better publishing decisions. Throughout, the goal is not to promise instant acceptance. The goal is to help you build a paper that stands a fair chance in a demanding scholarly environment.

Why journal suitability matters more than effort

Many researchers assume that effort naturally converts into publishability. In reality, journals do not assess effort. They assess relevance, originality, rigor, clarity, ethics, and audience value. Editors are gatekeepers for a specific readership. They ask a narrow question: does this manuscript deserve space in this journal, at this time, for this audience? If the answer is no, even a sincere and hardworking paper will be declined.

This is why suitability matters more than emotional attachment to the work. A paper may be unsuitable because it does not align with the journal’s aims and scope. It may not deliver enough theoretical or empirical advancement for that outlet. It may also fail because the methods, language, or structure prevent reviewers from seeing the value quickly. Elsevier advises authors to study the aims and scope, article types, readership, metrics, and author guidelines before submission. Springer Nature and APA likewise stress structure, standards, and publication requirements as part of readiness. (www.elsevier.com)

For that reason, suitability is not a minor technical issue. It is the bridge between good research and successful publication.

The most common reason: your paper does not fit the journal

The first answer to the question “why my paper is not suitable for journals” is often simple: the paper does not fit the journal you chose. This happens more often than many authors admit. Taylor & Francis states plainly that the top reason editors give for rejecting articles is submission to the wrong journal. Elsevier also advises authors to confirm whether a journal is a real match by reviewing scope, readership, article types, and related publications. (Author Services)

Journal fit operates at several levels:

Scope fit

Your topic must belong in the journal. A paper on doctoral writing support may not fit a journal focused only on computational linguistics. A marketing paper with weak management implications may not fit a management journal. Editors make these decisions quickly.

Audience fit

Even when the topic fits broadly, the audience may not. For example, a paper written for practitioners may feel too applied for a theory-heavy journal. Conversely, an abstract theoretical discussion may feel too detached for a practice-oriented outlet.

Article-type fit

Some journals publish empirical studies, systematic reviews, methodological notes, or conceptual pieces, but not all of them. Authors often ignore this and submit the wrong genre.

Contribution fit

A Q1 journal may expect sharper theoretical novelty, stronger methods, and broader significance than a mid-tier journal. If the level of contribution does not match the journal’s threshold, rejection follows.

This is why smart journal selection is not optional. It is part of manuscript design.

Your paper may be descriptive, but not publishable

Many student papers are competent but overly descriptive. They summarize literature, report results, and restate known arguments. What they do not do is create a publishable contribution. Editors want to know what is new, why it matters, and who benefits from the insight.

Springer Nature identifies insufficient advance or impact as a major rejection reason. That phrase deserves attention. A paper can be accurate and still lack enough advance. It might replicate a familiar idea without justification. It might test a routine model in a predictable setting without adding theory, method, or context. It might present local data without showing broader relevance. (Springer Nature)

To move from descriptive to publishable, a paper should answer these questions clearly:

• What problem in the literature does this study solve?
• What gap does it address, and is that gap meaningful?
• What changes in understanding after reading this paper?
• Why should this journal’s readers care?

If these answers are vague, your paper may be academically complete but editorially weak.

Poor structure can make a good study look unsuitable

Editors and reviewers often form an early judgment from structure alone. A strong study can appear unsuitable if the abstract is weak, the introduction is unfocused, the literature review is bloated, the methods are incomplete, or the discussion fails to interpret findings.

Springer Nature notes that papers are often rejected for lack of proper structure, inadequate detail, and failure to follow formatting requirements. APA also directs authors to follow clear manuscript preparation standards before submission. (Springer Nature)

A publishable structure usually requires:

A precise abstract

Your abstract should state the problem, method, sample or data source, key findings, and contribution. Many abstracts read like vague introductions. That creates doubt immediately.

A focused introduction

The introduction should frame the problem, show the gap, justify the study, and state the contribution. It should not become a mini literature review.

A disciplined literature review

A literature review should build the study’s logic. It should not become an inventory of everything written on the topic.

Transparent methods

Reviewers need enough detail to evaluate design quality and reproducibility. If the method is unclear, trust falls.

A discussion with interpretation

Results alone are not enough. Reviewers expect interpretation, theoretical meaning, practical implications, limitations, and future directions.

When structure fails, suitability also fails.

Language problems do not always mean bad English

Many authors think language issues only refer to grammar. In journal publishing, language problems often mean something deeper: weak academic framing, imprecise vocabulary, unclear logic, repetitive phrasing, poor transitions, or claims that overreach the evidence.

Elsevier’s guidance on rejected manuscripts notes that papers declined before peer review often show issues with language or structure. That does not mean every rejected paper needs a native-speaker rewrite. It means the manuscript may not yet communicate like a journal article. (Elsevier Researcher Academy)

Common language signals of unsuitability include:

• Informal tone in a formal journal
• Long sentences that hide the main point
• Overclaiming with words like “proves” or “guarantees”
• Weak transitions between paragraphs
• Unclear variable definitions
• Inconsistent terminology across sections
• Literature summaries without synthesis

This is where academic editing, research paper assistance, and discipline-sensitive revision become valuable. Good editing does not merely correct grammar. It improves argument visibility.

For authors who need structured support, explore academic editing and research paper writing support through ContentXprtz’s Writing & Publishing Services and PhD thesis help through PhD & Academic Services.

Methods and analysis are often weaker than authors think

Another major reason behind the question “why my paper is not suitable for journals” is methodological weakness. APA’s reviewer guidance states that papers with flaws in design or analysis may warrant rejection. Springer Nature also highlights insufficient methodological detail as a common concern. (APA)

Method-related unsuitability can appear in many forms:

Misaligned research design

Your research question may require qualitative depth, but the study uses a simplistic survey. Or the question demands causal inference, but the design only supports association.

Weak sampling

Small, biased, or poorly justified samples reduce confidence in the findings.

Incomplete analysis

Authors may run standard tests but fail to justify assumptions, robustness checks, coding procedures, or model selection.

Unclear operationalization

Variables are named, but not defined well enough for replication or evaluation.

Results that outgrow the evidence

A limited dataset cannot support sweeping claims. Reviewers notice this quickly.

A paper becomes more suitable when the method, analysis, and claims remain aligned throughout.

Ethics and compliance can stop a paper before review

Ethics is not a decorative paragraph. It is a publication requirement. Springer Nature states that ignored research ethics, including missing consent or ethical approval where required, can be a direct cause of rejection. Emerald also notes that work lacking suitable ethical statements or informed consent documentation may not be considered further. (Springer Nature)

Examples of ethics-related unsuitability include:

• Missing institutional review or ethics approval
• Undeclared conflicts of interest
• Simultaneous submission to multiple journals
• Excessive textual overlap or self-plagiarism
• Inadequate anonymization of participants
• Absent consent procedures for human research

These issues do not merely weaken a paper. They can disqualify it.

Why strong thesis chapters often fail as journal articles

PhD scholars frequently submit thesis material to journals and then wonder why it performs poorly. The reason is that a thesis chapter and a journal article are not the same form.

A thesis shows breadth, training, and examination readiness. A journal article demands sharp focus, tighter argument, and stronger editorial positioning. Thesis chapters often include long background sections, exhaustive literature reviews, institution-specific detail, and broad explanations designed for examiners rather than journal readers.

To convert a thesis chapter into a suitable paper, you usually need to:

• Narrow the central claim
• Cut background material aggressively
• Rebuild the introduction around a journal-specific gap
• Sharpen the discussion toward contribution
• Reduce redundancy
• Align references with the target journal’s recent discourse

If you are repurposing doctoral work, student writing services and PhD academic services can help translate thesis content into journal-ready writing.

Practical checklist: how to test if your paper is suitable before submission

Before you submit, ask these questions honestly:

Journal fit

• Does the paper match the aims and scope?
• Does the journal publish this article type?
• Would its readers care about this question?

Contribution

• Is the novelty explicit in two or three sentences?
• Does the paper extend theory, method, context, or evidence?
• Is the contribution bigger than a local description?

Method

• Is the design appropriate to the question?
• Are the sample, tools, and procedures justified?
• Can a reviewer understand exactly what you did?

Writing

• Is the abstract specific?
• Is the introduction focused?
• Are claims proportionate to evidence?
• Is the language concise and academic?

Compliance

• Have you followed the author guidelines?
• Are ethics, consent, and disclosures complete?
• Is the referencing style correct?

If multiple answers are no, the paper may not yet be suitable.

How to improve a paper that seems unsuitable

The good news is that unsuitability is often reversible. Here is a practical sequence.

Step 1: Diagnose the real problem

Do not revise blindly. Identify whether the issue is scope, novelty, structure, method, language, or ethics.

Step 2: Reassess journal choice

Use official journal selection tools and recent issues. Elsevier’s Journal Finder and APA’s Find a Journal can help narrow fit. Taylor & Francis also provides detailed journal-choice guidance. (Journal Finder)

Step 3: Rewrite the introduction and abstract

In many cases, the manuscript’s core value exists but is hidden. Better framing can change reviewer perception.

Step 4: Tighten the literature review

Replace summary with synthesis. Show tension, gap, and positioning.

Step 5: Strengthen the discussion

Explain what the findings mean, not only what they are.

Step 6: Get expert editorial feedback

A supervisor may know the field, but not always the journal market. Professional academic editors can identify fit, tone, structure, and clarity issues quickly.

Researchers seeking publication-focused revision support can review research paper assistance and academic editing services, support for book authors and scholarly manuscripts, and corporate writing services for professional research communication.

FAQ 1: Why does my paper get rejected even when the research is good?

This is one of the most common and most misunderstood publication questions. Good research does not automatically become a suitable journal article. Journals do not publish effort alone. They publish work that is relevant to their audience, clearly written, methodologically defensible, and positioned as a meaningful contribution. Many strong studies fail because the manuscript does not show its value quickly enough. An editor may see a broad topic, a vague abstract, or a poorly targeted introduction and conclude that the paper is not right for that journal, even if the underlying study is sound.

Another issue is the difference between research quality and publication quality. Research quality concerns whether the study was carried out responsibly and thoughtfully. Publication quality concerns whether the paper communicates significance, fit, and rigor in a form that meets editorial expectations. Springer Nature explicitly lists out-of-scope topics, insufficient advance, poor structure, ethics concerns, and inadequate methodological detail among common rejection reasons. That means even a serious and well-intentioned researcher can be rejected if the paper does not satisfy journal-specific standards. (Springer Nature)

In practice, this means authors should stop asking only, “Is my study good?” and start asking, “Is my manuscript publishable for this exact journal?” That shift changes everything. It pushes you to examine fit, framing, structure, contribution, and compliance. It also explains why expert feedback matters. A paper may need targeted revision rather than total reinvention. If you diagnose the right problem, rejection becomes a useful signal rather than a dead end.

FAQ 2: Why my paper is not suitable for journals if I followed my supervisor’s advice?

Supervisor advice is valuable, but it is not always enough to guarantee journal suitability. Supervisors often guide research design, thesis development, and academic direction. However, not every supervisor is equally engaged with current editorial expectations across different journals and publishers. A thesis-ready chapter may satisfy a supervisor, yet still fail as a journal article because the paper has not been adapted to the journal’s audience, recent debates, or article format.

Another challenge is that supervisors sometimes read generously because they already know the project. Editors and reviewers do not. They encounter the manuscript cold. They do not see the months of struggle, your wider thesis, or the intentions behind a paragraph. They only see what is on the page. That is why a manuscript can feel clear to a supervisor but still appear unfocused to a reviewer. Taylor & Francis emphasizes that choosing the wrong journal remains a top rejection reason, while Elsevier encourages authors to examine scope, readership, article type, and current topics before submission. These are strategic publication decisions that can fall outside routine supervisory feedback. (Author Services)

The solution is not to distrust your supervisor. It is to add another layer of manuscript evaluation. Ask whether the paper speaks to the journal’s current conversation. Ask whether the introduction sells the gap clearly. Ask whether the discussion explains the contribution for the journal’s readership. Supervisor advice builds the research. Publication-focused review prepares the manuscript for editorial judgment.

FAQ 3: How do I know whether the problem is the journal or the paper?

This is a crucial diagnostic question. Sometimes the journal is wrong. Sometimes the paper is underdeveloped. Sometimes both are true. The best way to separate the two is to test the manuscript against the journal’s aims, recent publications, article types, and submission requirements. If your topic, method, and theoretical angle resemble nothing in the last two years of that journal, the problem may be journal fit. If similar studies do appear there, but your paper lacks clarity, novelty, or methodological detail, the problem may be the manuscript itself.

Look carefully at rejection language. Scope-based responses often point to journal mismatch. Comments about insufficient contribution, structure, or methodological detail often point to paper weakness. Elsevier and Taylor & Francis both recommend reviewing author guidelines, aims and scope, and recent articles before submitting or resubmitting. That is not a formality. It is the quickest way to identify fit. (www.elsevier.com)

A practical method is to compare your paper against three recent journal articles using five criteria: research question, method, theoretical depth, discussion quality, and audience relevance. If your paper differs sharply in all five, the journal may be wrong. If it matches the journal but looks underpowered or unclear by comparison, the paper likely needs revision. In many cases, authors benefit from an external assessment that reads the manuscript as an editor would. That outside perspective often reveals whether the issue is placement, presentation, or both.

FAQ 4: Can poor English alone make a paper unsuitable for journals?

Poor English can hurt a submission, but the deeper issue is usually not grammar alone. In journal publishing, language quality includes clarity, precision, academic tone, argument flow, and consistency of terminology. A manuscript may be grammatically acceptable and still feel unsuitable because the writing does not guide the reader effectively. Reviewers need to understand your logic quickly. If they must work too hard to interpret sentences, definitions, or claims, the paper loses momentum.

Elsevier’s guidance on early rejection refers to language or structure issues before peer review. That phrase often covers unclear argumentation, not just grammar mistakes. A manuscript can also become unsuitable when the writing overstates findings, uses repetitive phrases, shifts tense inconsistently, or relies on generic claims that are not anchored in the field’s vocabulary. In other words, the problem is not only whether the English is correct. The problem is whether the manuscript reads like publishable scholarship. (Elsevier Researcher Academy)

This matters especially for multilingual scholars. Many are unfairly told they “need better English” when the actual need is better academic packaging. Strong editing helps because it improves sentence clarity, strengthens transitions, sharpens claims, and reduces ambiguity. It can also align the paper with disciplinary style. So yes, language can make a paper unsuitable, but usually because it obscures the contribution rather than because it contains obvious grammatical errors. The goal should be communication quality, not cosmetic correction.

FAQ 5: How much novelty does a journal really expect?

Novelty does not always mean a revolutionary idea. In many journals, novelty means a clear and defensible contribution beyond what is already known. That contribution can take different forms. It may be theoretical, methodological, contextual, empirical, or integrative. For example, a study may apply a known framework to a genuinely underexplored context and produce insights that matter beyond that setting. Another paper may refine a method, challenge a dominant assumption, or synthesize fragmented literature into a new conceptual model.

The problem arises when authors confuse “I have collected new data” with “I have produced new knowledge.” Editors are not impressed by data alone. They want to know what changes in the field after the paper is published. Springer Nature identifies “not enough of an advance or of enough impact” as a common cause of rejection. That means novelty is judged relative to the journal’s standards, not the author’s effort. (Springer Nature)

A good test is whether you can state your contribution in three lines without vague words like “significant,” “important,” or “useful.” If you cannot explain precisely what the paper adds, reviewers may not see it either. Novelty also depends on journal tier. A niche or emerging journal may welcome a carefully framed incremental contribution, while a top-tier journal may expect broader theoretical or methodological advancement. The safest approach is to articulate your contribution with specificity and compare it to recent articles in your target outlet.

FAQ 6: Why do journals care so much about formatting and author guidelines?

Many authors see formatting as a minor issue, but journals interpret guideline compliance as a signal of professionalism, care, and readiness. Formatting alone may not always cause rejection, but failure to follow instructions can compound other weaknesses. Springer Nature lists lack of proper structure and failure to follow formatting requirements among common reasons for rejection. Elsevier also notes that keeping to the requested format removes one more reason for editors to say no. (Springer Nature)

Guidelines are important because they standardize editorial workflow. Journals manage large submission volumes. Editors need papers that can move efficiently through screening, peer review, revision, production, and indexing. If an author ignores word count, abstract format, reference style, anonymization rules, or required statements, the submission creates avoidable friction. More importantly, noncompliance can make reviewers suspect deeper carelessness in the study itself.

Following author guidelines also shows respect for the journal’s identity. Every journal has conventions that reflect its audience and traditions. A paper that follows those conventions feels like it belongs there. A paper that ignores them feels imported and underprepared. So while formatting is not the soul of scholarship, it is part of editorial trust. Strong authors treat guidelines as strategic tools, not bureaucratic obstacles. That mindset improves suitability.

FAQ 7: Is desk rejection always a sign that the paper is weak?

No. Desk rejection does not automatically mean the paper is weak. It means the paper did not clear the editor’s first threshold for that journal. Sometimes the reason is genuine weakness. Other times it is mismatch, timing, editorial preference, or contribution level relative to the journal’s current pipeline. Elsevier explains that manuscripts rejected before external review are often declined because of aims and scope issues, language or structure problems, failure to follow author guidelines, lower perceived novelty, or ethics concerns. These are serious issues, but they are not all the same as “bad research.” (Elsevier Researcher Academy)

A desk rejection can actually save time. If the paper clearly does not fit the journal, it is better to know early than after months of peer review. The important step is to read the rejection signal accurately. If the editor points to scope, the problem may be journal selection. If the editor mentions limited contribution or insufficient rigor, the paper may need substantial revision. If the editor offers transfer suggestions, that often means the paper has potential but not for that specific outlet. Elsevier’s transfer guidance reflects this practical reality. (Elsevier Support Centers)

Emotionally, desk rejection can feel blunt. Professionally, it should prompt diagnosis. Ask what the editor could not endorse quickly. Then fix that. Some of the most successful published papers were initially desk rejected elsewhere. The difference lies in how authors interpret the signal and revise strategically.

FAQ 8: Should I resubmit the same paper to another journal immediately?

Not usually. Immediate resubmission without revision is tempting, especially after a frustrating rejection, but it often repeats the same problem in a new venue. Even when a paper is desk rejected for fit, you should still inspect the manuscript critically. Scope mismatch may not be the only issue. The abstract may still be weak. The contribution may still be underarticulated. The discussion may still be too narrow.

A better approach is to pause and categorize the rejection. If the editor’s message clearly says the work is not a good fit, start by finding a better-matched journal. Use official resources such as Elsevier’s Journal Finder, APA’s Find a Journal page, or Taylor & Francis guidance on choosing a journal. Then revise the title, abstract, introduction, and discussion so the paper speaks to the new audience. (Journal Finder)

If reviewer comments are available, do not ignore them simply because you plan to submit elsewhere. Those comments are free expert feedback. Elsevier’s rejection guidance encourages authors to reflect on expert comments and improve the paper accordingly. That is wise advice. (Elsevier Researcher Academy)

Immediate resubmission only makes sense when the paper is already strong, the rejection was clearly about fit, and the next target journal is genuinely more suitable. In most cases, a strategic revision will improve both your acceptance chances and your confidence in the manuscript.

FAQ 9: How can I make my thesis chapter suitable for a journal article?

To make a thesis chapter suitable for a journal article, you must stop thinking like an examiner and start thinking like an editor. A thesis chapter is designed to prove competence, context awareness, and methodological transparency in a broad academic sense. A journal article is designed to deliver a focused contribution to a specific readership within a strict word limit. That means conversion is not simple cutting. It is editorial reconstruction.

Start with the core claim. What is the one argument, finding, or insight that deserves publication? Build the paper around that. Then remove background material that does not directly support the claim. Most thesis chapters contain too much context for a journal article. Next, rewrite the introduction around a precise research gap and journal-specific relevance. Then reshape the literature review into a tighter argumentative framework. Reviewers do not need every source you read. They need the sources that justify your paper’s contribution.

After that, compress the methods section without sacrificing clarity, and strengthen the discussion. Many thesis-derived papers fail because the discussion remains explanatory rather than argumentative. It describes results, but does not show how they matter to the literature. Finally, adapt referencing, style, and terminology to the target journal’s norms. This is where PhD support and academic editing services can make a significant difference. A thesis chapter may already contain publishable material, but it still needs strategic transformation to become journal-suitable.

FAQ 10: When should I seek professional academic editing or publication support?

You should seek professional support when the manuscript has reached the limit of what familiar readers can improve. That usually happens in one of four situations: first, when you keep receiving similar rejection signals; second, when your supervisor says the paper is “fine” but journals disagree; third, when the study is strong but the writing, structure, or positioning feels weak; and fourth, when you are converting a thesis, dissertation, or complex report into a publishable article and need help tailoring it to a target outlet.

Professional publication support is most useful when it goes beyond proofreading. The strongest editorial support helps diagnose journal fit, sharpen contribution, improve abstract and introduction quality, strengthen discussion flow, align formatting with author guidelines, and polish academic language without distorting your voice. That kind of support is especially valuable for multilingual scholars, first-time authors, and researchers targeting competitive journals.

It is also important to choose ethical support. Reputable academic service providers should improve clarity, structure, and submission readiness while respecting authorship, originality, and publisher standards. Publishers such as Emerald and Taylor & Francis emphasize publication ethics, editorial policy compliance, and responsible scholarly practice. Any support you use should align with those expectations. (Emerald Publishing)

If your aim is not just to finish a manuscript but to make it genuinely publishable, publication support can save time, reduce repeated rejection, and improve strategic decision-making. Used ethically, it is not a shortcut. It is a professional enhancement process.

Final thoughts: suitability is built, not guessed

When researchers ask, “why my paper is not suitable for journals,” the answer is rarely that they are incapable scholars. More often, the manuscript is misaligned with the journal, unclear in its contribution, underdeveloped in structure, imprecise in language, or incomplete in compliance. Those are serious issues, but they are also fixable. The key is to stop treating rejection as a verdict on intelligence and start treating it as feedback on publication readiness.

A suitable paper does five things well. It fits the journal. It states a real contribution. It presents a defensible method. It communicates clearly. It follows ethical and editorial standards. When one of these elements is weak, suitability drops. When all five are aligned, your chances improve meaningfully, even in a competitive publishing landscape where acceptance is never guaranteed. (Elsevier Author Services – Articles)

If you are preparing a manuscript, revising after rejection, or converting doctoral writing into a journal article, ContentXprtz can support you with publication-focused review, PhD thesis help, academic editing services, and tailored research paper writing support designed for serious scholars.

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References and further reading

Elsevier: Journal Acceptance Rates (Elsevier Author Services – Articles)
Elsevier: Publish with Elsevier – submit your paper (www.elsevier.com)
Springer Nature: Common rejection reasons (Springer Nature)
Taylor & Francis: Choosing a journal (Author Services)
APA: General manuscript preparation guidelines (APA)